CAWSES November 7–8, 2004, superstorm: Complex solar and interplanetary features in the post-solar maximum phase

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CAWSES November 7–8, 2004, superstorm: Complex solar and interplanetary features in the post-solar maximum phase

[1] The complex interplanetary structures during 7 to 8 Nov 2004 are analyzed to identify their properties as well as resultant geomagnetic effects and the solar origins. Three fast forward shocks, three directional discontinuities and two reverse waves were detected and analyzed in detail. The three fast forward shocks ‘‘pump’’ up the interplanetary magnetic field from a value of 4 nT to 44 nT...

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S urface solar radiation is a major component of the surface heat budget. Diurnally and seasonally averaged over the entire Earth, 188 ± 7 W m–2 reach the surface to be either absorbed (~165 ± 6 W m–2) or reflected back to the atmosphere (Trenberth et al. 2009; Stephens et al. 2012). Changes in the amount of solar radiation received at the surface are intrinsically tied to the total amount of p...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Geophysical Research Letters

سال: 2008

ISSN: 0094-8276

DOI: 10.1029/2007gl031473